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Main electrical model and parameters
**What Are the Commonly Used Main Electrical Appliances?**
Main electrical appliances are essential components in control systems, used to switch on and off low-current circuits. These devices are not directly responsible for controlling the main power circuit but instead send commands or signals to other components such as contactors and relays, which then manage the main circuit. Common examples include buttons, travel switches, universal transfer switches, master controllers, foot switches, proximity switches, emergency switches, toggle switches, and more.
This article will focus on two of the most commonly used types: the push-button switch and the limit switch. We'll explore their structures, functions, technical parameters, and practical applications. Let's start with the push-button switch.
**Push-Button Switches**
A push-button switch is a type of electrical device that controls small current circuits temporarily. It does not directly control the main circuit but is used to send manual commands in the control circuit. This makes it an essential part of the control system, often referred to as a "master electric appliance."
The structure of a push-button switch typically includes a button cap, a return spring, fixed and movable contacts, a casing, and a linkage mechanism. Depending on its design, a push-button switch can be either normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC).
- A **normally open (NO)** switch has its contacts separated when not pressed. When pressed, the contacts close, allowing current to flow. Upon release, the spring returns the contacts to their original position.
- A **normally closed (NC)** switch, on the other hand, has its contacts closed in the default state. Pressing the button opens the contacts, breaking the circuit.
In control circuits, NO buttons are often used for starting motors, while NC buttons are used for stopping or parking them. The color of the button also plays a role in identification—red for stop, green or black for start.
**Model and Technical Parameters**
Push-button switches come in various models, such as LA2, LA4, LA10, LA18, LA19, LA20, and others. Each model has specific technical parameters, including rated voltage, current, contact configuration, and mechanical life. These details are crucial when selecting the right switch for a particular application.
**Installation and Usage Tips**
When installing push-button switches, it's important to arrange them neatly and logically. The panel layout should follow the sequence of motor operations. The switches must be securely mounted, and wiring should be reliable. Red buttons are typically used for stopping, while green or black indicates starting.
Additionally, it's important to keep the contacts clean to prevent short circuits caused by oil or dirt. If installed in high-temperature environments, plastic parts may deform, so insulation tubes should be used around the wiring terminals. For switches with indicator lights, the lamp voltage should be reduced to extend the lifespan of the plastic cover.
**Limit Switches**
Another common type of main electrical appliance is the limit switch, also known as a travel switch. It is used to detect the position of moving parts in machines and automatically control the circuit based on that position. Limit switches are usually mounted on stationary objects or attached to moving parts, and they trigger actions when the moving object reaches a certain point.
There are different types of limit switches, such as direct-acting, roller-type, and micro-motion switches. The choice depends on the speed of the moving part and the required response time. For slow-moving parts, a roller-type or micro-motion switch is recommended to avoid arcing due to slow contact movement.
**Common Models of Limit Switches**
Some of the commonly used limit switches include LX3, LX8, LX10, LX19, LX21, LX23, LX25, LX29, LX33, LXK3, and LXP1 (3SE3). These models vary in size, rating, and functionality, making them suitable for different industrial applications.
Whether you're working with control panels, automation systems, or machinery, understanding the role and function of these main electrical appliances is essential for safe and efficient operation. By choosing the right components and following proper installation guidelines, you can ensure reliable performance and reduce the risk of failures.