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Photovoltaic grid connection policy details
Photovoltaic power generation systems are typically divided into two main categories: off-grid and grid-connected systems. Grid-connected photovoltaic systems offer a 25% reduction in cost compared to their off-grid counterparts. These systems operate by connecting to the main power grid through microgrids, enabling more efficient and scalable solar energy utilization. The grid-connected model is not only a key technological approach for expanding solar power capacity but also represents the future direction of renewable energy development. It enhances the flexibility and range of solar energy use, making it an essential component of modern energy systems.
Grid-connected photovoltaic systems convert the direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) that meets grid standards. These systems can be further categorized into those with and without battery storage. Systems equipped with batteries provide scheduling flexibility, allowing them to feed power into or draw from the grid as needed. They also serve as backup power sources during outages, making them ideal for residential applications. On the other hand, systems without batteries lack this flexibility and are generally used in larger-scale installations where immediate backup is less critical.
Large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power plants are often state-owned facilities that supply electricity directly to the grid, ensuring stable power distribution. However, these projects require significant investment, time, and land, which has limited their growth. In contrast, decentralized, small-scale photovoltaic systems—especially those integrated into buildings—are becoming increasingly popular due to their lower costs, faster deployment, and strong policy support. These systems allow for more localized and flexible energy production, aligning well with the trend toward distributed energy resources.
The National Energy Administration recently issued the "Interim Measures for the Supervision of Photovoltaic Power Generation Operations," aiming to strengthen oversight of photovoltaic projects and ensure their efficient operation. The measures apply to both large-scale photovoltaic power plants and distributed systems, emphasizing compliance with licensing requirements, quality standards, and grid connection procedures. Regulatory bodies are tasked with monitoring the implementation of these policies and addressing any violations. Grid companies are required to streamline the process for connecting photovoltaic systems, including providing access plans, simplifying procedures, and offering free services for certain projects.
Furthermore, the State Grid Corporation has introduced new policies to support distributed photovoltaic projects. For systems with a total capacity of up to 6 MW connected at 10 kV or below, the company will exempt certain fees. This initiative includes providing free access solutions, grid connection testing, and commissioning services. Surplus power generated by these systems can be sold back to the grid, with full purchase guaranteed under national policies. These developments reflect a growing commitment to integrating renewable energy into the existing power infrastructure.
As of September 2012, the grid-connected capacity of photovoltaic power in the State Grid’s operating area reached 2.71 million kW, a fourfold increase from the previous year. With continued policy support and technological advancements, the future of photovoltaic power looks promising, particularly in the context of global efforts to transition toward cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.