Withstand high voltage up to 750V (IEC/EN standard)
UL 94V-2 or UL 94V-0 flame retardant housing
Anti-falling screws
Optional wire protection
1~12 poles, dividable as requested
Maximum wiring capacity of 25 mm2
25 mm² connector blocks, 60 amp Terminal Blocks,traditional screw type terminal blocks,PA66 Terminal Blocks Jiangmen Krealux Electrical Appliances Co.,Ltd. , https://www.krealux-online.com
What is the battery of the heat battery? How does the heat battery work?
**What is a Thermal Battery?**
A thermal battery, also known as a heat battery, is a type of primary reserve battery that becomes active when heated. It uses a molten salt as an electrolyte, which melts when exposed to a heat source. This process allows the battery to deliver high energy density, fast activation, and reliable performance under extreme conditions. Due to its compact design, long shelf life, and low maintenance, it has become a preferred power source for military applications such as missiles, artillery, and nuclear systems.
Early thermal batteries were based on a cup-type structure, with cathode materials like WO3 or V2O5, and anodes made of metals like calcium or magnesium. The electrolyte was typically a LiCl-KCl eutectic mixture absorbed in glass fiber, while the heating material was often Zr-BaCrO4 paper. These early designs had limitations, including short discharge times, complex structures, and significant electrical noise, which restricted their use.
In the 1960s, a new design using Ca/CaCrO4 improved the structure and performance. The LiCl-KCl electrolyte and Fe/KClO4 heating system simplified manufacturing and extended the battery's lifespan. However, electrical noise remained a challenge. By the 1970s, the LiMx/FeS2 thermal battery (where LiMx refers to a lithium alloy) was introduced, overcoming long-term noise issues and significantly increasing specific energy and power. This marked a major breakthrough in thermal battery technology.
China began developing thermal batteries in the 1970s, catching up quickly with international advancements. By the 1980s, China had achieved significant technological progress, producing various models used in military applications. Today, LiMx/FeS2 thermal batteries are widely used in modern weapon systems, forming a competitive and multi-component development and production framework.
**How Do Thermal Batteries Work?**
A thermal battery is a thermally activated primary reserve battery. It consists of multiple single-cell units connected in parallel, along with a heating sheet, all enclosed in a protective casing. The battery is sealed using argon arc welding, ensuring durability and safety.
Each cell includes a positive electrode, an electrolyte, and a negative electrode. Heating sheets are placed at both ends of each cell. When the battery is needed, an external signal or mechanical trigger ignites the internal heater, raising the temperature to 400–600°C. At this point, the solid electrolyte melts, allowing ions to move and initiating an electrochemical reaction between the electrodes, generating electricity.
The working life of a thermal battery depends on two factors: electrical life and thermal life. Electrical life refers to the time the battery can operate within a specified voltage range under a given load. Thermal life relates to how long the battery can maintain its operating temperature. Once the active materials are depleted, or the temperature drops below the electrolyte’s melting point, the battery stops functioning.
The operation of a thermal battery involves two main stages: activation and discharge. During activation, the battery rapidly heats up from room temperature to around 550°C. Then, during discharge, the internal temperature gradually decreases. As the battery discharges, the electrolyte’s ionic conductivity weakens, causing the internal resistance to increase. Eventually, the electrolyte begins to solidify, ending the battery’s operational life.