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A basic introduction to the basics of wireless network systems (What is AC? What is AP? What is POE power supply?)
**Foreword:**
In the realm of wireless networking, it is essential to understand that the current wireless coverage system has become an indispensable part of low-voltage systems, especially in public construction projects, where it is practically a mandatory requirement.
**What is an AP?**
An AP, or Wireless Access Point, functions similarly to a hub in traditional wired networks. It is the most commonly used device for setting up small wireless LANs. An AP acts as a bridge between the wired and wireless networks, connecting wireless clients together and linking them to the Ethernet. This enables wireless network coverage and connectivity.
**Are APs divided into "thin" and "fat"?**
Yes, they are. A **Thin AP (FIT AP)**, also known as a wireless bridge or gateway, cannot be configured independently. It requires a dedicated device, such as a wireless controller, to manage its configuration centrally. This setup is ideal for large-scale deployments, as it simplifies management by allowing the controller to handle all configurations.
On the other hand, a **Fat AP (FAT AP)**, often referred to as a wireless router, has more advanced features. It typically includes both WAN and LAN interfaces and supports functions like NAT, DHCP server, DNS, MAC cloning, and even firewall and VPN access. Fat APs can operate independently without needing a controller.
**What is AC?**
AC stands for Wireless Access Point Controller. It is a network device used to centrally manage and control wireless APs within a local area network. As the core of a wireless network, it handles tasks such as configuration distribution, RF management, security control, and more. Most modern ACs and APs are from the same manufacturer, ensuring compatibility and ease of use.
**What is POE power supply and what is a POE switch?**
POE, or Power over Ethernet, allows electrical power to be delivered over standard Ethernet cables. This technology enables devices like IP phones, IP cameras, and wireless access points to receive both data and power through a single cable. This not only reduces costs but also ensures the safety of existing cabling infrastructure.
A **POE switch** combines the functionality of a regular switch with the ability to supply power to connected devices. It eliminates the need for separate power supplies or modules, making installation simpler and more efficient. With just one Cat5 cable, both data and power can be transmitted.
**Standard vs. Non-Standard POE:**
- **Standard POE** follows IEEE 802.3af/at specifications. It first detects the 25K resistance at the receiving end, performs a handshake, and then delivers power. If the detection fails, only data is transmitted.
- **Non-Standard POE**, also known as "strong power," delivers power immediately upon connection without checking the device. This can potentially damage non-POE devices if not used carefully.
The market offers various output voltages, such as 48V, 24V, and 12V DC, depending on the application.
**What software and hardware are needed for deploying a wireless project?**
- **Basic hardware**: Router, POE switch, AC controller, wireless AP.
- **High-end hardware**: Firewall, traffic management system, bypass switch, floor switch, POE switch, AC controller, and wireless AP.
**Is higher AP power always better?**
No, higher AP power doesn’t always mean better performance. While a stronger signal may seem beneficial, it can cause interference. Both the transmitting and receiving ends must communicate effectively. If the AP signal is too strong, it can disrupt the receiving device’s transmission, leading to delays or packet loss.
Imagine two people talking in a room: if one speaks too loudly and the other too softly, the conversation becomes difficult. Similarly, in a wireless network, balance is key.
**What are the key considerations in a large wireless project?**
- **Design**: Create accurate blueprints to determine wiring positions. Consider building structure, avoid power lines, and ensure proper cable protection.
- **Router location**: Place the router in a weak current room, away from strong electricity areas to reduce electromagnetic interference. Ensure good ventilation and dry conditions.
- **POE switch location**: Position it near the center of AP locations to minimize cable length and cost.
- **AP placement**: Install APs in central locations to maximize coverage. Overlapping signals help reduce dead zones. Keep APs within 80 meters of the POE switch.
- **Cable laying**: Protect cables during installation to prevent damage or sharp bends. Use conduits or overhead bridges when necessary. Avoid high-voltage lines to reduce interference.
**Practical considerations during deployment and maintenance:**
a. Ensure external network cables are in place and routes are properly connected for stable access.
b. During commissioning, have intercom equipment ready for debugging.
c. Always keep spare parts on hand for APs, switches, and cables.
d. Request two sets of construction drawings before starting any work.
e. Record AP MAC addresses, floor numbers, and locations for easy maintenance.
f. Clearly label all cables and connections for future reference.
After installation, verify that all APs are powered on and functioning. A green light indicates normal operation. Software tools can check signal strength and internet connectivity. Clear documentation ensures smooth post-installation support.