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A basic introduction to the basics of wireless network systems (What is AC? What is AP? What is POE power supply?)
**Foreword:**
In the realm of wireless network knowledge, it's essential to understand that the current wireless coverage system has become an indispensable part of weak current systems, especially in public construction projects. In many cases, it is considered a mandatory requirement. Wireless networks are no longer just an option—they are a necessity for modern infrastructure.
**What is an AP?**
An AP, or Wireless Access Point, serves as the equivalent of a hub in traditional wired networks. It is one of the most commonly used devices for setting up small wireless LANs. Essentially, an AP acts as a bridge between the wired and wireless networks. Its primary function is to connect wireless clients together and then link the wireless network to the Ethernet, enabling wireless network coverage.
**Are there different types of APs?**
Yes, APs can be categorized into two main types: "thin" and "fat."
**Thin AP (FITAP):**
Also known as wireless bridges or gateways, thin APs are often referred to as "thin" because they cannot be configured independently. They require a dedicated device called a wireless controller to manage and configure them centrally. This architecture—controller + thin AP + router—is commonly used in large-scale wireless coverage scenarios. When there are many APs, managing them through a single controller simplifies the workload significantly.
**Fat AP (FATAP):**
A fat AP, also known as a wireless router, is more self-sufficient than a thin AP. In addition to providing wireless access, it typically includes both WAN and LAN interfaces. Fat APs support features like NAT (Network Address Translation), DHCP server, DNS, MAC address cloning, and even firewall and VPN access. These advanced capabilities make them ideal for smaller setups where centralized control isn't necessary.
**What is AC?**
AC stands for Wireless Access Point Controller. It is a key component in a wireless network that centrally manages all controllable wireless APs. The AC handles tasks such as configuration distribution, parameter modification, RF management, and security control. Most ACs and APs on the market are from the same manufacturer, ensuring compatibility and ease of use.
**What is POE power supply and what is a POE switch?**
POE, or Power over Ethernet, is a technology that allows DC power to be delivered over standard Ethernet cables. This means that IP-based devices like IP phones, wireless access points, and network cameras can receive both data and power through a single cable. POE ensures that existing networks remain functional while reducing costs and maintaining the integrity of structured cabling.
A POE switch is a type of network switch that not only transmits data but also supplies power to connected devices. This eliminates the need for separate power adapters or POE injectors. With a single Cat 5 cable, you can achieve both data transmission and power delivery, making installation simpler and more efficient.
**Standard vs. Non-Standard POE:**
- **Standard POE:** Based on IEEE 802.3af/at standards, it requires a handshake process before power is supplied. If the receiving end doesn’t meet the requirements, it will only transmit data.
- **Non-Standard POE:** Also known as "strong supply" POE, it delivers power immediately without detection or handshake. This can potentially damage non-POE compatible devices if not used carefully.
Market POE switches typically come in various output voltages, such as 48V, 24V, and 12V.
**What software and hardware are required for deploying a wireless project?**
Basic hardware includes a router, POE switch, AC controller, and wireless AP. For more complex or high-end setups, additional components like firewalls, traffic management systems, bypass switches, floor switches, and more may be needed.
**Is the power of the AP as large as possible?**
No. While higher AP power increases signal strength, it’s not always better. A stronger signal from the AP can interfere with the receiving device, causing delays or packet loss. Think of it like two people speaking at the same time—if one speaks too loudly, the other might not hear clearly. So, balance is key.
**What are the key considerations in a large wireless project?**
- **Design:** Create detailed plans for wiring placement, considering building structures, avoiding power lines, and protecting cables.
- **Router Location:** Place routers in low-electricity areas, away from interference, and ensure proper ventilation.
- **POE Switch Location:** Position switches near AP clusters to reduce cable length and cost.
- **AP Placement:** Install APs in central locations to maximize coverage and minimize dead zones. Keep APs within 80 meters of the POE switch.
- **Cable Laying:** Protect cables during installation to prevent damage and reduce signal interference.
**Practical Operation and Maintenance Considerations:**
- Ensure external network cables are in place and routes are properly connected.
- Use intercom equipment during testing for easier communication.
- Keep spare parts on hand for APs, switches, and cables.
- Provide clear construction drawings with details on AP locations, connections, and port information.
- Record MAC addresses and label cables for easy maintenance.
- After installation, verify that all APs are powered and functioning correctly.
With these steps in place, you can ensure a smooth deployment and efficient long-term maintenance of your wireless network.