The working principle of the electric motor uses a energized coil (that is, a stator winding) to generate a rotating magnetic field and acts on the rotor squirrel-cage closed aluminum frame to form a magnetoelectric rotational torque. The electric motor is divided into a direct current motor and an alternating current motor according to the use of the power source. The electric motor in the electric power system is mostly an alternating current motor, and may be a synchronous motor or an asynchronous motor (the stator magnetic field speed of the motor and the rotational speed of the rotor are not kept at the synchronous speed). The motor is mainly composed of a stator and a rotor, and the direction in which the energized wire is subjected to the force in the magnetic field is related to the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic induction line (the direction of the magnetic field). The working principle of the motor is that the magnetic field acts on the current to force the motor to rotate.
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1. Structure of three-phase asynchronous motor Among the various types of motors, the cage-rotor three-phase asynchronous motor is a kind of motor with simple structure, reliable operation and widest range of use. The following is a brief introduction of the rotary motor with this kind of motor as an example. Fundamental.
The three-phase asynchronous motor is divided into two basic parts: a stator (fixed portion) and a rotor (rotating portion). Its basic structure is as follows: 
Stator: consists of a base and a cylindrical core mounted in the base and three-phase stator windings therein. The base is made of cast iron or cast steel. The core is formed by stacking silicon steel sheets insulated from each other. The inner circumferential surface of the core is grooved to place symmetric three-phase windings AX, BY, CZ, some are connected in a star shape, and some are connected in a triangle shape.
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The figure below shows a shoe-shaped magnet with a handle, and a freely rotatable rotor made of copper bars. The two ends of the copper strip are respectively connected by a copper ring, which is shaped like a squirrel cage and is used as a squirrel-cage rotor. There is no mechanical connection between the pole and the rotor. When we shake the pole, we find that the rotor rotates with the pole. Shake fast, the rotor turns fast; shakes slowly, and turns slowly; when it shakes, the rotor reverses immediately.
Two demonstrations are drawn from this demonstration: first, there is a rotating magnetic field; second, the rotor rotates with the magnetic field. The principle of rotor rotation of an asynchronous motor is similar to the above demonstration. Then, in a three-phase asynchronous motor, how does the magnetic field come from, and how can it rotate? Let's discuss this problem first.
3. Generation of rotating magnetic field in the motor Three-phase symmetrical windings AX, BY and CZ are placed in the stator core of the three-phase asynchronous motor. It is assumed that the three-phase windings are connected in a star shape and connected to the three-phase power supply, and the three-phase symmetrical current is passed through the windings, and the waveform is as shown in the following figure. Take the direction from the beginning to the end of the winding as the reference direction of the current. In the positive half cycle of the current, its value is positive, its actual direction is consistent with the reference direction; in the negative half cycle, its value is negative, and its actual direction is opposite to the reference direction.
The stator core and the stator winding do not rotate, and the three-phase current in the stator winding changes with time and phase, and the three-phase magnetic potentials add up to form a rotating magnetic field.
The rotating stator magnetic field induces a rotor magnetic field in the rotor winding when the rotor bar is cut, causing the rotor to rotate. Due to the need of the induced excitation magnetic field, the rotational speed of the rotor is always slightly slower than the rotational speed of the stator magnetic field, and there is a slip, which is the origin of the name of the induction asynchronous motor.
If the rotor is a permanent magnet or a constant magnetic field generated by the rotor field winding, the speed of the rotor is synchronized with the speed of the stator field to form a synchronous machine.
Fixed rotor magnetic field distribution
How the motor works
 The motors used in chemical pumps are basically AC motors. AC motors include synchronous motors and asynchronous motors. Although synchronous motors and asynchronous motors have many different operating principles and structures, there are many similarities between them. Therefore, we will focus on the common problems of AC motors.
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2. Motor rotation experiment When the three-phase asynchronous motor is connected to the power supply, it will rotate. What is the principle? To illustrate this principle of rotation, let us first look at a demonstration.