Design of Traffic Light Control System for Intelligent License Plate Recognition

With the growing number of vehicles in urban areas, traditional traffic signal control relies on fixed timing systems. However, since traffic conditions are constantly changing, this approach often leads to inefficiencies. For instance, when no vehicles are present in one direction, the opposite lane still has to wait for its green light to end, even though there is no traffic. This results in unnecessary waiting times and can worsen congestion. To address these issuesâ€”such as short green light durations at intersections with few or no vehiclesâ€”this paper proposes an intelligent traffic control system that uses vehicle-mounted electronic license plates to monitor real-time traffic flow and adjust signals accordingly. 1. Electronic License Plate Technology The electronic license plate is a digital version of the traditional license plate, utilizing passive RFID technology operating in the 900MHz frequency band. Unlike conventional plates, it is typically designed as a card and affixed to the vehicleâ€™s windshield using anti-disassembly ceramic technology. Each electronic license plate contains a microchip, a microstrip antenna, and an anti-tampering device, ensuring high sensitivity, fast data reading, and reliable performance even at high speeds. Vehicle information such as ID, license number, driver details, and vehicle type is pre-registered through a card issuance system. Data encryption ensures that each license plate is unique and cannot be duplicated, providing a secure and individualized identification for every vehicle. 2. Intelligent Traffic Signal Control System Structure To implement this system, monitoring base stations equipped with electronic license plate readers are installed along major roads, intersections, and other key locations. These base stations consist of readers, antennas, data processing units, and communication systems. They connect to a central data center via communication lines, allowing for real-time vehicle tracking. The RF reader captures encrypted data from the license plate, which is then decrypted at the base station to retrieve critical vehicle information. Based on this data, the traffic signal controller adjusts the light status dynamically, optimizing traffic flow. The system structure is illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Intelligent Traffic Light Control System
3. Traffic Control Model and Program 3.1. Control Model Establishment The core of intelligent traffic signal control lies in accurately modeling real-time traffic flow. To ensure efficient movement, the system must track the number of vehicles within a 1-meter range before the signal section. This helps estimate how long it will take for each vehicle to pass through. A typical traffic flow model is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Vehicle Flow Detection and Control Model
Assuming there are i+1 vehicles in a road segment, moving at a speed of v m/s, and their positions are randomly distributed, the estimated time for each vehicle to pass can be calculated based on its position and speed. 3.2. Control Procedures Traffic signal control involves managing main roads, sidewalks, and intersection priorities. (1) Main Roads On main roads, the system prioritizes vehicle traffic. The duration of the green light depends on the current traffic flow. If pedestrian traffic is active, the time is fixed. However, if a special vehicle (like an emergency vehicle) is detected, it is given immediate priority. The detailed process is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Main Road Traffic Light Control Process
(2) Intersections At intersections, the situation is more complex. The system evaluates the traffic flow in each lane to determine priority. If a special vehicle is detected, it is given precedence. The specific control procedure is outlined in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Intersection Traffic Light Control Process
4. Conclusion The increasing number of private vehicles and outdated traffic signal systems contribute significantly to urban congestion. By using electronic license plates to collect real-time traffic data, the system can dynamically adjust traffic lights based on vehicle flow and priority. This not only reduces delays but also enhances traffic efficiency. Ultimately, the system improves the overall intelligence and informatization of urban traffic management, reducing the need for manual intervention by traffic officers.
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