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Photovoltaic grid connection policy details
Photovoltaic power generation systems can be categorized into off-grid and grid-connected systems. Grid-connected systems are generally 25% more efficient compared to their off-grid counterparts. These systems operate within a microgrid framework, connecting to the main electricity grid, which enhances scalability and is a key direction for future technological development. Grid-connected systems offer greater flexibility in solar energy utilization, allowing for better integration with the broader energy infrastructure.
In grid-connected photovoltaic systems, the direct current (DC) produced by solar panels is converted into alternating current (AC) suitable for the grid. These systems can be further divided into those with and without battery storage. Systems equipped with batteries provide scheduling flexibility, allowing power to be fed into or drawn from the grid as needed, and they also serve as backup power during outages. These systems are commonly installed in residential areas. On the other hand, systems without batteries lack this flexibility and are typically used in larger-scale applications.
Large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power plants are often state-run facilities that supply power directly to the grid, enabling centralized energy distribution. However, these projects require significant investment, time, and space, and have not seen widespread development. In contrast, decentralized, small-scale grid-connected systems—especially those integrated into buildings—are becoming the mainstream due to lower costs, faster installation, smaller land requirements, and strong policy support.
The National Energy Administration has recently issued the Interim Measures for the Supervision of Photovoltaic Power Generation Operations. These measures aim to ensure the efficient operation of photovoltaic systems, promote clean energy use, and align with renewable energy laws. They apply to both large-scale and distributed photovoltaic projects, and regulatory agencies will oversee grid connection, operations, and information disclosure.
Grid operators must follow power business licensing regulations, while photovoltaic project developers must comply with licensing conditions. Quality control, grid infrastructure development, and service procedures are also under strict supervision. For example, grid companies must provide access system plans within 25 working days and complete meter installations within 10 days of approval. They are also exempt from certain fees for distributed systems.
The government emphasizes the importance of timely grid connection, contract execution, and fair power purchase. Dispatching agencies must prioritize photovoltaic power, and grid companies are required to fully purchase on-grid electricity unless restricted by safety or force majeure. Maintenance responsibilities are shared between project operators and grid companies, and accurate measurement and billing procedures are enforced.
These policies aim to streamline the process, reduce costs, and encourage the growth of solar energy. As the industry continues to evolve, the role of photovoltaics in the global energy mix is expected to expand significantly, supported by ongoing policy improvements and technological advancements.