Operation and maintenance of electrical equipment and its grounding devices - News - Global IC Trade Starts Here Free Join

Probe current voltage pin 420*4450 head diameter 5.0 over current current and voltage pin

SMD aluminum electrolytic capacitor

SR05 SOT143 package 5V ESD electrostatic protection

Photocoupler

First, common misunderstandings in the maintenance of electrical equipment (using agricultural machinery as an example): 1. Reversing the "armature" and "field" terminals. The triple regulator's "armature" and "field" terminals should be connected to the generator’s corresponding terminals. If reversed, the generator's output current may flow through a 1Ω resistor, causing it to burn out due to excessive current. 2. Continuing to use damaged diodes. If a silicon rectifier generator fails to produce electricity or has low charging current, it could be due to faulty diodes. These should be replaced immediately. Prolonged use can lead to stator winding damage. 3. Not adjusting the electrolyte according to seasonal temperature changes. This prevents the battery plates from operating at optimal specific gravity, shortening its lifespan. In winter, it can also cause freezing and swelling of the battery. 4. Ignoring polarity when connecting the battery to the silicon rectifier generator. Incorrect polarity can cause a short circuit, leading to rapid diode failure. Always confirm positive and negative connections before installation. 5. Removing grounding wires between the regulator and generator. Many drivers mistakenly think that the body can act as a ground, but oil, paint, and resistance on the body can prevent proper grounding. This can lead to poor performance and burned components. Grounding wires must remain intact. 6. Installing the regulator horizontally instead of vertically. This can cause contact vibration due to road conditions, affecting power generation and system stability. 7. Overcharging the battery. Excessive charging after full charge leads to water electrolysis, electrode material loss, and increased self-discharge. 8. Adding too much or too little electrolyte. Electrolyte should cover the plates by 10–15mm. Too much may overflow, while too little exposes the plates, reducing capacity and accelerating degradation. 9. Using overly concentrated electrolyte. High concentration increases viscosity and internal resistance, reducing terminal voltage and battery life. A specific gravity of 1.28 is ideal for sufficient storage. 10. Neglecting battery cleanliness. Dust mixed with electrolyte can create a short circuit between terminals, discharging the battery. Regular cleaning is essential. 11. Using batteries of different capacities in series. This causes uneven charging, damaging the smaller battery. 12. Shorting the armature and field terminals when the regulator fails. This can cause overvoltage, damaging electrical devices. 13. Leaving the electric horn energized for too long. Continuous operation can burn contacts and coils, and drain the battery. 14. Turning on the instrument light without the rear light. This can cause high lamp voltage and damage the instrument light. 15. Not removing the generator belt after engine shutdown. This can increase bearing wear and reduce engine efficiency. Second, operation of grounding devices: 1. Technical requirements for grounding systems: - Transformer grounding bodies should be laid horizontally using round steel or angle iron, connected with flat steel forming a closed loop. - Grounding bodies should be buried at least 3m away from the transformer wall, with a depth exceeding local frozen soil. - Lightning rods require independent grounding systems. - Equipment in flammable areas must be grounded with jumper wires at pipe joints. - Grounding trunk connections must be secure, with multiple points connected to the grounding body. - Grounding resistance measurements should be done in safe areas to avoid explosion risks. - DC grounding requires special attention due to corrosion and contact resistance. Natural grounding bodies cannot be used as PE wires. - Handheld and mobile equipment grounding wires should be soft copper wire, with a minimum cross-section of 1.5mm², and securely connected via bolts or clamps. - Grounding systems must be regularly inspected for damage, corrosion, and resistance changes. - Inspection cycles vary: annual checks for transformers, biannual for workshops, pre-thunderstorm for lightning systems, every 3–5 years for corrosive soils, and before each use for portable devices. Third, maintenance personnel requirements: 1. Careful observation of visual signs like cracks, deformation, looseness, leaks, pollution, corrosion, wear, discoloration, smoke, and foreign objects. 2. Listening to mechanical sounds for irregularities that indicate faults. 3. Smelling for overheating or burnt insulation, which can signal issues. 4. Touching equipment (except live parts) to detect temperature changes and vibrations. 5. Communicating with operators to gather information about previous failures, weather, load, and solutions to quickly identify and resolve issues.