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Fieldbus concept, composition and characteristics analysis - Database & Sql Blog Articles
The fieldbus control system (FCS) is a computer-based local area network designed for industrial automation. It utilizes microprocessor technology to enable detection, control, and communication functions. This allows digital instruments to perform full decentralized control at the field level. Each device acts as a network node connected via a bus, forming a distributed control system that operates on an open, standardized network. Unlike traditional DCS systems, FCS simplifies the architecture, reduces costs, and enhances reliability by enabling interoperability between products from different manufacturers.
In a typical setup, the fieldbus system connects to a PC through a bus interface card, with each card supporting up to four bus segments. To ensure reliability, two identical PCs are often used in a redundant configuration. The PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) manages switching and control tasks within the system.
The fieldbus control system consists of three main components: measurement, control, and management. The communication part is its most distinctive feature, integrating both hardware and software elements.
1. **Control System Software**: This includes configuration, maintenance, simulation, equipment, and monitoring software. Configuration software plays a key role in defining connections between function blocks, setting parameters, and managing network operations. Real-time data processing and optimization are essential for alarms, displays, reports, and more.
2. **Fieldbus Measurement System**: These systems offer multi-variable, high-performance measurements with advanced computing capabilities. Digital signals ensure high resolution, accuracy, and resistance to interference. They also support real-time adjustments and status monitoring.
3. **Equipment Management System**: Systems like Fisher-Rosemount’s AMS provide diagnostic, operational, and manufacturing information. They allow predictive maintenance and improve system reliability by offering a centralized database for field devices.
4. **Client/Server Model**: This model involves servers as data sources and clients as data consumers. It enables efficient data processing and resource management across different computing platforms.
5. **Database**: A robust database system supports real-time data sharing and cross-access. Industrial applications require fast, reliable databases such as Oracle, Sybase, Informix, SQL Server, and real-time solutions like PI and Infoplus.
6. **Network Hardware and Software**: Components include servers, gateways, hubs, and intelligent instruments. Software includes operating systems, communication protocols, and network management tools.
**Key Features of Fieldbus Control Systems**:
- **Decentralized Control**: Functions are distributed horizontally and vertically, improving system flexibility.
- **Real-Time Response**: Fieldbus systems must respond quickly, typically within 0.01 to 0.5 seconds. This requires optimized communication protocols, such as simplified OSI layers or token-passing mechanisms.
- **Interoperability**: Products must pass rigorous testing and certification to ensure compatibility across manufacturers.
- **High Reliability**: Hardware uses dedicated chips and surface mount technology. Software is modular and easy to maintain, with fault detection and redundancy features.
Fieldbus systems continue to evolve, offering enhanced performance, scalability, and integration capabilities for modern industrial environments.