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Analysis of the Advantages of Distributed Antenna System
The Distributed Antenna System (DAS) is a network of multiple antennas strategically placed within a building to provide comprehensive wireless indoor coverage. This system can be either active or passive, depending on the specific requirements and infrastructure of the building. Passive DAS systems use coaxial cables, couplers, and power splitters to distribute RF signals to individual antennas, often utilizing leaky coaxial cables instead of discrete antennas. The choice between these two configurations depends on factors like building layout and installation feasibility.
Active DAS systems, on the other hand, rely on optical signal distribution. Here, an RF signal from the Radio Base Station (RBS) is converted into an optical signal by a local interface unit. These optical signals are then transmitted via fiber optic cables to remote units, which convert them back to RF signals. Each remote unit connects to a small antenna or coaxial cable network, ensuring full coverage across different floors or areas.
Passive DAS systems offer several advantages, including lower initial costs and higher reliability. They are particularly well-suited for multi-operator and multi-service environments, supporting a wide range of wireless services such as trunked mobile communication, cellular networks, and high-speed WLANs up to 2.5 GHz. Their flexibility allows them to adapt to varying coverage needs, reducing unnecessary interference and signal loss. As a result, many existing complex indoor coverage systems are based on passive DAS solutions.
Compared to small, distributed indoor base stations (pico RBS), DAS provides a more efficient and scalable solution for indoor coverage. It increases the number of trunks on the wireless interface and transmission links, making each wireless connection available throughout the building. This improves spectrum efficiency and helps operators manage peak traffic effectively. Additionally, a single RBS can cover an entire building through one transmission line, boosting relay efficiency and reducing overhead.
DAS is also an effective solution for WCDMA networks, where multiple buildings or indoor areas share a single RBS. The RF signal is converted into an optical signal and distributed via fiber to various locations. High-power optical remote units in each building convert the signal back to RF and distribute it through a coaxial antenna network. Benefits include increased capacity, reduced transmission costs, and lower investment in the wireless access network.
By increasing the number of relays for wireless interfaces and transmission links, DAS enhances spectral efficiency, allowing every wireless channel to be accessible in all relevant areas. This ensures that the full capacity of the RBS can be utilized anywhere, helping operators handle local traffic spikes, such as during lunch hours or inclement weather.
Reducing transmission costs is another key benefit of DAS. Through statistical multiplexing, many users can share the same transmission path, especially when dark fiber leases are cost-effective. With macro sites sharing RBS with indoor coverage systems, the overall cost of a DAS solution is typically lower than alternative approaches, enabling operators to invest less in their wireless infrastructure.
Ericsson has been implementing DAS solutions in numerous indoor and outdoor coverage projects since 1999, including large-scale applications for 2G and 3G networks. Their DAS approach demonstrates strong leadership in network design, emphasizing the integration of indoor and outdoor signals to minimize interference and maximize the utilization of network equipment while reducing overall investment.